Saudi Arabia's $83 Billion Military Struggles Against Poorer Houthi Forces

Despite spending approximately $83 billion annually on defense, Saudi Arabia has faced prolonged military challenges against Ansarallah (the Houthi movement), a significantly less-resourced opponent. According to analyst Murtaza Hussain, the analysis argues that Saudi Arabia's military ineffectiveness stems not from technological deficiencies but from institutional design prioritizing regime protection over operational capability. Hussain contends that this institutional structure has prevented the development of decentralized command, experienced non-commissioned officers, and a sustained maintenance culture — capabilities that cannot be purchased outright.